Samarra Archaeological City is the site of a powerful Islamic capital city which ruled over the province of the Abbasid Empire extending from Tunisia to Central Asia for a century. Located on both sides of the River Tigris 130 km north of Baghdad, the length of the site from north to south is 41.5 km, width varies from 8 km to 4 km. This proves the architectural and artistic innovations that developed there and spread to other areas of the Islamic world and beyond. Great Mosque of the 9th century and spiral towers that are among the many remarkable architectural monuments of the site, 80% of which remains to be explored.
The ancient capital of Samarra dating 836-892 provides outstanding evidence of the Abbasid Caliphate, which is the main period of the Islamic empire, stretching from Tunisia to Central Asia. This is the only Islamic capital that retains surviving the initial plan, architecture and art, such as mosaics and carvings. Samarra has the best preserved plan of an ancient city, which was left relatively early and avoid the constant rebuilding of the city lasted longer.
Samarra was the second capital of the Abbasid Caliphate after Baghdad. After the loss of monuments of Baghdad, Samarra was the only physical trace of the Caliphate at its peak.
The city maintains two of the largest mosque (Al-Malwiya and Abu Dulaf) and the tower of the most unusual, and the biggest palaces in the world of Islam (Caliphate Palace Qasr al-Khalifa, Al-Ja'fari, Al-Ma 'shuq, and others- other). Carved stucco known as the Samarra style was developed there and spread to other parts of the Islamic world at that time. A new type of ceramic known as Lustre Ware was also developed in Samarra, imitating equipment made from precious metals like gold and silver.
Criterion (ii): Samarra is a distinguished architectural stage in the Abbasid period based on the mosques, construction, road and basin planning, architectural decoration, and industrial ceramics.
Criterion (iii): Samarra is the best preserved examples of architecture and urban planning Abbasid Caliphate, stretching from Tunisia to Central Asia, and one of the world's great strength in this period. Physical remnants of this empire are usually poorly preserved because they are often built of brick and reusable bricks were not fired.
Criterion (iv): The buildings of Samarra is a new artistic concept in Islamic architecture at Abu Dulaf Malwiya and mosques, in the form of a unique example in capacity, planning and construction of Islamic mosques compared with those who preceded and succeeded it. In large dimensions and unique minarets, mosques show pride and political power and religion in accordance with the strength and pride of the empire at that time.
Since the war in Iraq began in 2003, this property has been occupied by multi-national forces that use it as a theater for military operations.
Conditions of integrity and authenticity seems to have been met, with the evaluation as far as possible without the technical assessment mission. Once abandoned by the Caliphate, occupation in some areas near the core of the modern city but most of the remaining area is left until the early 20th century. Partially preserved archaeological sites, with the losses caused primarily by plowing and cultivation, small compared with other major sites. Restoration work has been in accordance with international standards.
The boundaries of the core and buffer zones seems both realistic and adequate. Prior to the current hostilities, States Parties to protect the site from intrusion, whether agricultural or urban areas, under the Act of Archaeology. Protective procedure has been suspended since 2003 and a major risk to property arising from the inability of the responsible authorities to exercise control over the management and conservation of the site.
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